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5. Staging
5.1 Classification Criteria
Although there is no standardised UICC staging system, the system cited by Masaoka, 1981 is commonly employed.
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| Stage I |
Intact capsule or growth within the capsule |
| Stage II |
Invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura |
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Stage II A: microscopic invasion through capsule |
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Stage II B: macroscopic and microscopic invasion through capsule |
| Stage III |
Macroscopic invasion into neighbouring organs (pericardium, great vessels, lung) |
| Stage IVA |
Pleural or pericardial dissemination |
| Stage IVB |
Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis |
Reference:
- Masaoka A, Monden Y, Nakahara K, et al: Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. Cancer 1981;48:2485-2492.
5.2 Staging Diagram
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Click for larger image
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