Revised 31 July 2019 

For those with localized disease, resection of the primary tumour and regional lymph nodes is done with curative intent. A minimum of D1 and preferably D2 level of dissection is recommended. As relapse rates remain high, referral to a Medical Oncologist prior to surgery for consideration of perioperative chemotherapy is strongly recommended.

For those with metastatic disease, palliative resection or bypass of the primary tumour is reserved for those with significant bleeding or obstruction.