Revised 26 Sept 2012

The anal canal should be examined by digital rectal examination during a yearly physical exam.

Anal canal cancer is known to be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. People at higher than average risk for anal cancer who should be considered for anal cytology testing and anoscopy are those who:

• are HPV- or HIV-positive
  
• have receptive anal intercourse
  
• have had multiple sexual partners
  

Patients with anal dysplasia or carcinoma in situ   should be referred for assessment by colposcopy and subsequent treatment and follow up at the Anal Dysplasia Clinic at St. Paul's Hospital where the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic equipment is available.