These uncommon tumours usually arise in the uterus but can occasionally originate in the ovary or broad ligament.
The most common subtypes are:
- Low grade endometrial stromal (ESS)
- High grade endometrial stromal (HGESS)
- Undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS)
- Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS)
- Endometrial stromal nodule
- Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma
- High-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma
- Undifferentiated uterine sarcoma
- Uterine tumour resembling ovarian sex cord tumour
- Leiomyoma and benign leiomyoma-variants
- Smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential
- Leiomyosarcoma typical
epithelioid
myxoid - Other smooth muscle tumours
- Adenosarcoma
- Carcinosarcoma
* Uterine carcinosarcoma is classified as a carcinoma rather than a sarcoma, though they have stromal differentiation, and is treated as such. Adenosarcomas are considered sarcomas.
Most uterine sarcomas are diagnosed based on pathologic evaluation after hysterectomy, only a minority of the cases is diagnosed at the time of endometrial sampling.
The role of pre-operative imaging to evaluate for uterine sarcomas is not well defined as most have non-specific appearances.
- Known uterine sarcoma prior to surgery: CT C/A/P +/- MRI for staging purposes
- Post-operative evaluation: CT C/A/P +/- MRI for staging purposes
