- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy can identify, localize (from the incisors) and biopsy suspicious intraluminal masses. CT scan of the chest and abdomen is recommended to assess the extent of local involvement and to exclude distant metastases.

- Locoregional staging can be performed by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).

- PET should be considered in cases with no evidence of distant metastases on CT imaging. If no metastases are seen on baseline imaging, a PET scan may exclude occult metastases.

- In patients who are being considered for surgery or radical external beam radiotherapy, pulmonary function tests are required

- Recommended baseline tumour markers at diagnosis: CEA, CA19-9